A research study to determine the characteristics and attitudes shared by entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs and the similarities and differences between them

The United States of America has been the mecca of many ventures for people with vision, goals and perseverance. The prosperity of our nation has been paved by individuals with great ambition, determination and insight, who have dared to take on a risk in owning a business enterprise. This research study was conducted to determine the characteristics and attitudes of both entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs, as well as the similarities and differences between them. For this study, a survey of entrepreneurs.was conducted through the use of questionnaires distributed to business owners located in the counties of Essex, Passaic and Hudson, in the state of New Jersey. The study of the intrapreneurs was conducted through the use of questionnaires mailed to intrapreneurs, located in different areas of the country. The research study of both groups was further supplemented with case studies of entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs throughout the nation, as well as with personal interviews with authorities in the field. The most significant finding was that entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs definitely exhibit many of the same attitudes and characteristics in carrying out their ventures, as demonstrated by their intuitiveness, their go-getterness, hard work, and the tenacity to succeed. The study also indicates that there are certain similarities and differences shared by both groups in the way they go about determining the type of ventures and in the risks involved in attaining their goals

An investigation into the use of metal nanoparticles and their oxides as antimicrobial agents

PhDNanotechnology is concerned with the study of processes and applications at the nanoscale (10-9 m), with objects that are generally smaller than 100 nm. Within the biomedical field, the use of metal nanoparticles and their oxides as antimicrobial agents is gaining attention. In this study, the potential antimicrobial activity of thirteen different nanoparticulate metals, oxides, carbides and nitrides was examined. These were generated by thermal plasma technology. Initially, ten different bacterial species/strains of clinical significance were subjected to in-depth antimicrobial screening, which included the determination of minimum inhibitory and minimum bacteriocidal concentrations. The nanoparticles that demonstrated the greatest potential as novel antibacterial agents were, in descending order of activity: Ag > CuO > Cu2O > Cu > ZnO with effective concentrations from 100 to 2500 μg/ml. Ag and CuO nanoparticles, alone and blended, along with the salts of both elements were further examined in time-kill assays. Nanoparticulate Ag (100 μg/ml) was able to reduce microbial populations to zero within 2h. While, nanoparticulate CuO required higher concentrations (> 1000 μg/ml) and longer times (up to 4h) than silver to reduce microbial populations to zero. Blends of Ag and CuO nanoparticles were shown to be superior than when used alone, with reduced concentrations and time required (approx. 50%). Nanoparticles alone were not shown to be superior to that of their corresponding salts. Antimicrobial activity in the presence of serum was not reduced. Nanoparticulate TiO2, which lacked antimicrobial activity in the absence of UV light, was shown to possess significant antimicrobial properties when irradiated with short wave radiation. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) and - 3 - Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy (SICM) were used to examine toxic effects of nanoparticles on bacteria. These revealed CuO nanoparticles to cause a greater physical change to bacteria when compared to Ag. Following nanoparticle incorporation into epoxy resin and polyurethane, the antimicrobial activity of the resulting polymer-nanocomposites were examined. Both polymers were shown to exhibit antimicrobial properties. Ion release was shown to be more marked from materials containing CuO nanoparticles. Nanoparticle biocompatibility using skin, respiratory and gastrointestinal cell lines was also investigated. CuO was shown to be generally more toxic than Ag to eukaryotic cells

Evaluation of soybean meal as protein source for Argyrosomus Regius (Asso, 1801) (Sciaenidae)

[EN] The meagre (Argyrosomus regius) is a carnivorous fish which requires diets with higher protein content, causing an increment in diets cost. A way to diminish this cost is to use vegetable meals like soybean meal (SB). So the aim of this trial was to determine the optimum inclusion level of defatted soybean meal in experimental diets for this species. 800 fishes (165 g) were distributed in 8 tanks, two replicates per treatment. Four isoproteic (50% CP) and isolipidic (17% Cl) diets were formulated with four levels of soybean meal inclusion, 0, 15, 30 and 45%. The trial lasted 107 days. Meagre fed diets 15 and 30% obtained the highest final weight. There were no significant differences among treatments in the feed conversion rate (FCR) and the protein efficiency (PER). According to the quadratic regression, the optimum SB inclusion to maximize thermal growth coefficient (TGC) was 26.4% and for FCR was 27.6%. No significant differences were observed in energy, protein and amino acid retention among diets. The inclusion of SB in meagre diets can generate a decrease in the use of fish meal and in turn reduce the cost of producing meagre Mediterranean aquaculture industry.Velazco Vargas, JL.; Martínez-Llorens, S.; Jover Cerda, M.; Tomas-Vidal, A. (2013). Evaluation of soybean meal as protein source for Argyrosomus Regius (Asso, 1801) (Sciaenidae). International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture. 5(3):25-44. doi:10.5897/IJFA12.062S25445

Psychometric properties of the Valuing Questionnaire in a Spaniard sample and factorial equivalence with a Colombian sample

Background. The Valuing Questionnaire (VQ) is considered as one of the most psychometrically robust instruments to measure valued living according to the acceptance and commitment therapy model. It consists of 10 items that are responded to on a 7-point Likert-type scale and has two factors: Progression and Obstruction. The Spanish version of theVQshowed good psychometric properties in Colombian samples. However, there is no evidence of the psychometric properties of the VQ in Spaniard samples. This study aims to analyze the validity of the VQ in a large Spaniard sample and analyze the measurement invariance with a similar Colombian sample. Method. The VQ was administered to a Spaniard sample of 846 adult participants from general online population. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega were computed to analyze the internal consistency of the VQ. The fit of the VQ's two-factor model was tested through a confirmatory factor analysis with a robust maximum likelihood (MLR) estimation method. Afterward, we analyzed the measurement invariance across countries and gender. Convergent construct validity was analyzed with a package of questionnaires that evaluated experiential avoidance (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, AAQ-II), emotional symptoms (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, DASS-21), life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale, SWLS), and cognitive fusion (Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, CFQ). Results. The internal consistency across samples was adequate (alphas and omegas were .85 for VQ-Progress and .84 for VQ-Obstruction). The two-factor model obtained a good fit to the data (RMSEA D 0.073, 90% CI [0.063, 0.083], CFI D 0.98, NNFI D 0.97, and SRMR D 0.053). The VQ showed strict invariance across countries and gender and showed theoretically coherent correlations with emotional symptoms, life satisfaction, experiential avoidance, and cognitive fusion. In conclusion, the Spanish version of the VQ demonstrated good psychometric properties in a large Spaniard sample

Psychometric properties of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-8 in two Spanish nonclinical samples

Background. The ATQ is a widely used instrument consisting of 30 items that assess the frequency of negative automatic thoughts. However, the extensive length of the ATQ could compromise its measurement efficiency in survey research. Consequently, an 8-item shortened version of the ATQ has been developed. This study aims to analyze the validity of the ATQ-8 in two Spanish samples. Method. The ATQ-8 was administered to a total sample of 1,148 participants (302 undergraduates and 846 general online population). To analyze convergent construct validity, the questionnaire package also included the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-Revised (DAS-R), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Acceptance Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), Generalized Pliance Questionnaire (GPQ), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). To analyze internal consistency, we computed Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the one-factor structure of the ATQ-8. In so doing, a robust diagonally weighted least square estimation method (Robust DWLS) was adopted using polychoric correlations. Afterward, we analyzed measurement invariance across samples, gender, groupage, and education level. Lastly, we evaluated convergent construct validity by computing Pearson correlations between the ATQ-8 and the remaining instruments. Results. The internal consistency across samples was adequate (alpha and omega D .89). The one-factor model demonstrated a good fit to the data (RMSEAD0.10, 90% CI [0.089, 0.112], CFID0.98, NNFID0.97, andSRMRD0.048). The ATQ-8 showed scalar metric invariance across samples, gender, groupage, and education level. The ATQ-8 scores were significantly associated with emotional symptoms (DASS-21), satisfaction with life (SWLS), dysfunctional schemas (DAS-R), cognitive fusion (CFQ), experiential avoidance (AAQ-II), and generalized pliance (GPQ). In conclusion, the Spanish version of the ATQ-8 demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in Spanish samples

Tuning up Fuzzy Inference Systems by using optimization algorithms for the classification of solar flares

In this work we describe the implementation and analysis of different optimization algorithms used for finding the best set of parameters for a Fuzzy Inference System intended to classify solar flares. The parameters will be identified among a universe of possible solutions for the algorithms, and the system will be tested in the particular case of dealing with the aim of classifying the solar flares.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, 18 tables. Accepted for publication in TECCIENCI

Una evaluación de línea base múltiple de la terapia de aceptación y compromiso centrada en pensamiento negativo repetitivo en trastorno por pánico

Although cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is efficacious for treating panic disorder, a segment of the population is not treated due to the treatment length and the acceptability of interoceptive exposure. This study explored the efficacy of a brief protocol based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) focused on repetitive negative thinking (RNT) in adults suffering from panic disorder. We designed a 4-session RNT-focused ACT protocol because previous CBT studies considered this length "ultra-brief." Additionally, although conducting exposure is consistent with the ACT model, we did not include explicit exposure exercises to increase the intervention acceptability. A randomized, multiple-baseline design across three participants was implemented with a 3-month follow-up. The effect of the intervention was evaluated through weekly scores on the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale – 21 (DASS-21; S. H. Lovibond & P. F. Lovibond, 1995), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ; Meyer et al., 1990), and the frequency of panic attacks. After the intervention, all participants ceased to experience panic attacks and showed clinically significant changes in the DASS-Total and PSWQ. The effect sizes comparable across designs were very large and statistically significant for the DASS-Total (d= 2.48), DASS-Depression (d= 1.45), DASS-Anxiety (d= 1.93), DASS-Stress (d= 1.63), and PSWQ (d= 2.36). All three participants also showed clinically significant changes and large effect sizes in experiential avoidance (d= 3.26), cognitive fusion (d= 3.58), and valued living (Progress: d= 0.72, Obstruction: d= 2.43). In conclusion, brief RNT-focused ACT interventions might be efficacious for treating panic disorder.Aunque la terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) es eficaz en el trastorno de pánico, un segmento de la población no recibe tratamiento debido a su duración y aceptabilidad de la exposición interoceptiva. Este estudio exploró la eficacia de la terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT) focalizada en pensamiento negativo repetitivo (PNR) en adultos con trastorno por pánico. Se diseñó un protocolo de 4 sesiones porque estudios previos han considerado esta duración como "ultra breve". Pese a que la exposición es consistente con el modelo ACT, no incluimos ejercicios de exposición explícita para aumentar la aceptabilidad de la intervención. Se implementó un diseño de línea de base múltiple aleatorizado a través de tres participantes con un seguimiento de 3 meses. El efecto de la intervención se evaluó con la Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21, S. H. Lovibond y P. F. Lovibond, 1995), el Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ; Meyer et al., 1990) y la frecuencia de ataques de pánico. Tras la intervención, los tres participantes dejaron de experimentar ataques de pánico y mostraron cambios clínicamente significativos en DASS-Total y PSWQ. Los tamaños del efecto comparables a través de diseños fueron muy grandes y estadísticamente significativos para DASS-Total (d = 2.48), DASS-Depresión (d = 1.45), DASS-Ansiedad (d = 1.93), DASS-Estrés (d = 1.63) y PSWQ (d = 2.36). Los participantes mostraron cambios clínicamente significativos y grandes tamaños del efecto en evitación experiencial (d = 3.26), fusión cognitiva (d = 3.58) y valores (Progreso: d = 0.72, Obstrucción: d = 2.43)

Protein and energy requirements for maintenance and growth in juvenile meagre Argyrosomus regius (Asso,1801) (Sciaenidae)

[EN] The meagre is a fish species of recent interest in aquaculture, because of its fast growth and flesh quality. Nevertheless, it hasn't been studied enough, and feed producers do not have enough information about the nutrient requirements to optimize the feed diets of the meagre. This study measures the growth response of this fish to several amounts of food and gives information about the proportion of protein and energy that should be included in its diet, as well as the recommended amount of food to optimize its growth. The meagre is a carnivorous species and might be a suitable candidate species for the diversification of aquaculture in the Mediterranean region. This is based on its high growth and flesh quality. Nevertheless, there is little information available about its growth rates and nutrient requirements. The objective of this study was to determine the protein and energy requirements of juvenile meagre (Argyrosomus regius). Two trials for different weights of 53 and 188 g were conducted with rations from starvation to apparent satiation with the scope of studying its nutritional needs. In the first trial, the initial mean body weight of the fish was 53 g, and they were fed at feeding rates, measured as a percentage of the body weight, of 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5%, with two replicates per treatment. In a second trial, another group with approximately 188 g of initial body weight was fed at feeding rates of 0, 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5%, with two replicates per treatment. The optimum thermal growth coefficient was obtained with a feed intake of 2.2% day(-1) in trial A and 1.73% day(-1) in trial B. The digestible protein (DP) intake for maintenance was determined as 0.57 g kg(-0.7) day(-1), the DP intake for maximum growth was 6.0 g kg(-0.7) day(-1), and the point for maximum efficiency in protein retention was 1.8 g kg(-0.7) day(-1). The requirement for digestible energy (DE) intake for maintenance was recorded at 25.4 kJ kg(-0.82) day(-1), the DE intake to maximize growth was 365 kJ kg(-0.82) day(-1), and the point for maximum efficiency in energy retention occurs with a digestible energy intake of 93 kJ kg(-0.82) day(-1). The requirements and retention efficiency of protein and energy in Argyrosomus regius tend to be within the range other fish species. The maintenance needs are in agreement with species with low voluntary activity and growth requirements in agreement with fast-growth species.This research was funded by grants from the Planes Nacionales de Acuicultura (JACUMAR) in Spain.Jauralde García, I.; Velazco-Vargas, J.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Jover Cerda, M.; Martínez-Llorens, S. (2021). Protein and energy requirements for maintenance and growth in juvenile meagre Argyrosomus regius (Asso,1801) (Sciaenidae). Animals. 11(1):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010077S115111Chatzifotis, S., Panagiotidou, M., Papaioannou, N., Pavlidis, M., Nengas, I., & Mylonas, C. C. (2010). Effect of dietary lipid levels on growth, feed utilization, body composition and serum metabolites of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) juveniles. Aquaculture, 307(1-2), 65-70. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.07.002EL-Shebly, A. A., El-Kady, M. A. H., Hussin, A. B., & Hossain, M. Y. (2007). Preliminary Observations on the Pond Culture of Meagre, Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801) (Sciaenidae) in Egypt. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2(5), 345-352. doi:10.3923/jfas.2007.345.352ESTÉVEZ, A., TREVIÑO, L., KOTZAMANIS, Y., KARACOSTAS, I., TORT, L., & GISBERT, E. (2010). Effects of different levels of plant proteins on the ongrowing of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) juveniles at low temperatures. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(2), e572-e582. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00798.xPoli, B. M., Parisi, G., Zampacavallo, G., Iurzan, F., Mecatti, M., Lupi, P., & Bonelli, A. (2003). Aquaculture International, 11(3), 301-311. doi:10.1023/a:1024840804303Roo, J., Hernández-Cruz, C. M., Borrero, C., Schuchardt, D., & Fernández-Palacios, H. (2010). Effect of larval density and feeding sequence on meagre (Argyrosomus regius; Asso, 1801) larval rearing. Aquaculture, 302(1-2), 82-88. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.02.015Chatzifotis, S., Panagiotidou, M., & Divanach, P. (2011). Effect of protein and lipid dietary levels on the growth of juvenile meagre (Argyrosomus regius). Aquaculture International, 20(1), 91-98. doi:10.1007/s10499-011-9443-yAlvarez-González, C. ., Civera-Cerecedo, R., Ortiz-Galindo, J. ., Dumas, S., Moreno-Legorreta, M., & Grayeb-Del Alamo, T. (2001). Effect of dietary protein level on growth and body composition of juvenile spotted sand bass, Paralabrax maculatofasciatus, fed practical diets. Aquaculture, 194(1-2), 151-159. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(00)00512-3Chong, A. S. ., Ishak, S. D., Osman, Z., & Hashim, R. (2004). Effect of dietary protein level on the reproductive performance of female swordtails Xiphophorus helleri (Poeciliidae). Aquaculture, 234(1-4), 381-392. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.12.003El-Sayed, A.-F. M., & Kawanna, M. (2008). Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on spawning performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock in a recycling system. Aquaculture, 280(1-4), 179-184. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.04.030Lee, S.-M., Jeon, I. G., & Lee, J. Y. (2002). Effects of digestible protein and lipid levels in practical diets on growth, protein utilization and body composition of juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Aquaculture, 211(1-4), 227-239. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(01)00880-8Zhang, J., Zhou, F., Wang, L., Shao, Q., Xu, Z., & Xu, J. (2010). Dietary Protein Requirement of Juvenile Black Sea Bream, Sparus macrocephalus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 41, 151-164. doi:10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00356.xTibbetts, S. M., Lall, S. P., & Anderson, D. M. (2000). Dietary protein requirement of juvenile American eel (Anguilla rostrata) fed practical diets. Aquaculture, 186(1-2), 145-155. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00363-4Kaushik, S. J., & Seiliez, I. (2010). Protein and amino acid nutrition and metabolism in fish: current knowledge and future needs. Aquaculture Research, 41(3), 322-332. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02174.xGunasekera, R. M., De Silva, S. S., Collins, R. A., Gooley, G., & Ingram, B. A. (2000). Effect of dietary protein level on growth and food utilization in juvenile Murray codMaccullochella peelii peelii(Mitchell). Aquaculture Research, 31(2), 181-187. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00417.xBooth, M. A., Allan, G. L., & Pirozzi, I. (2010). Estimation of digestible protein and energy requirements of yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi using a factorial approach. Aquaculture, 307(3-4), 247-259. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.07.019Jauralde, I., Martínez-Llorens, S., Tomás, A., & Jover, M. (2016). Protein deposition and energy recovery in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): Evaluation of nutritional requirements. Aquaculture, 464, 65-73. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.06.006Lupatsch, I., Kissil, G. W., Sklan, D., & Pfeffer, E. (1998). Energy and protein requirements for maintenance and growth in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 4(3), 165-173. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.1998.00065.xLupatsch, Kissil, Sklan, & Pfeffer. (2001). Effects of varying dietary protein and energy supply on growth, body composition and protein utilization in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurataL.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 7(2), 71-80. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.2001.00150.xPeres, H., & Oliva-Teles, A. (2005). Protein and Energy Metabolism of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles and Estimation of Maintenance Requirements. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 31(1), 23-31. doi:10.1007/s10695-005-4586-2Lupatsch, I., & Kissil, G. W. (2005). Feed formulations based on energy and protein demands in white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus). Aquaculture, 248(1-4), 83-95. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.03.004Pirozzi, I., Booth, M. A., & Allan, G. L. (2008). Protein and energy utilization and the requirements for maintenance in juvenile mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 36(1), 109-121. doi:10.1007/s10695-008-9296-0McGoogan, B. B., & Gatlin, D. M. (1998). Metabolic Requirements of Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, for Protein and Energy Based on Weight Gain and Body Composition. The Journal of Nutrition, 128(1), 123-129. doi:10.1093/jn/128.1.123GLENCROSS, B. D. (2009). Reduced water oxygen levels affect maximal feed intake, but not protein or energy utilization efficiency of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture Nutrition, 15(1), 1-8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2007.00562.xGlencross, B., Hawkins, W., Evans, D., Rutherford, N., Dods, K., McCafferty, P., & Sipsas, S. (2007). Evaluation of the influence of drying process on the nutritional value of lupin protein concentrates when fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 265(1-4), 218-229. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.01.040Rodehutscord, M., & Pfeffer, E. (1999). Maintenance requirement for digestible energy and efficiency of utilisation of digestible energy for retention in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 179(1-4), 95-107. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00155-6Booth, M. A., & Allan, G. L. (2003). Utilization of digestible nitrogen and energy from four agricultural ingredients by juvenile silver perch Bidyanus bidyanus. Aquaculture Nutrition, 9(5), 317-326. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.2003.00259.xHatlen, B., Helland, S. J., & Grisdale-Helland, B. (2007). Energy and nitrogen partitioning in 250 g Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) given graded levels of feed with different protein and lipid content. Aquaculture, 270(1-4), 167-177. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.001GLENCROSS, B. D. (2008). A factorial growth and feed utilization model for barramundi,Lates calcariferbased on Australian production conditions. Aquaculture Nutrition, 14(4), 360-373. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2007.00543.xHelland, S. J., Hatlen, B., & Grisdale-Helland, B. (2010). Energy, protein and amino acid requirements for maintenance and efficiency of utilization for growth of Atlantic salmon post-smolts determined using increasing ration levels. Aquaculture, 305(1-4), 150-158. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.04.013Fournier, V., Gouillou-Coustans, M. F., Métailler, R., Vachot, C., Guedes, M. J., Tulli, F., … Kaushik, S. J. (2002). Protein and arginine requirements for maintenance and nitrogen gain in four teleosts. British Journal of Nutrition, 87(5), 459-469. doi:10.1079/bjn2002564Bureau, D. P., Hua, K., & Cho, C. Y. (2006). Effect of feeding level on growth and nutrient deposition in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) growing from 150 to 600 g. Aquaculture Research, 37(11), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01532.xAtkinson, J. L., Hilton, J. W., & Slinger, S. J. (1984). Evaluation of Acid-Insoluble Ash as an Indicator of Feed Digestibility in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 41(9), 1384-1386. doi:10.1139/f84-170Watanabe, K., Ura, K., Yada, T., Kiron, V., Satoh, S., & Watanabe, T. (2000). Energy and protein requirements of yellowtail for maximum growth and maintenance of body weight. Fisheries Science, 66(6), 1053-1061. doi:10.1046/j.1444-2906.2000.00168.xDumas, A., France, J., & Bureau, D. P. (2007). Evidence of three growth stanzas in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) across life stages and adaptation of the thermal-unit growth coefficient. Aquaculture, 267(1-4), 139-146. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.01.041Jauralde, I., Martínez-Llorens, S., Tomás, A., Ballestrazzi, R., & Jover, M. (2011). A proposal for modelling the thermal-unit growth coefficient and feed conversion ratio as functions of feeding rate for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata,L.) in summer conditions. Aquaculture Research, 44(2), 242-253. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.03027.xMayer, P., Estruch, V. D., & Jover, M. (2012). A two-stage growth model for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) based on the thermal growth coefficient. Aquaculture, 358-359, 6-13. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.06.016Panettieri, V., Chatzifotis, S., Messina, C. M., Olivotto, I., Manuguerra, S., Randazzo, B., … Piccolo, G. (2020). Honey Bee Pollen in Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) Juvenile Diets: Effects on Growth, Diet Digestibility, Intestinal Traits, and Biochemical Markers Related to Health and Stress. Animals, 10(2), 231. doi:10.3390/ani10020231Knibb, W. (2000). Genetic improvement of marine fish - which method for industry? Aquaculture Research, 31(1), 11-23. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00393.xWatanabe, K., Hara, Y., Ura, K., Yada, T., Kiron, V., Satoh, S., & Watanabe, T. (2000). Energy and protein requirements for maximum growth and maintenance of bodyweight of yellowtail. Fisheries Science, 66(5), 884-893. doi:10.1046/j.1444-2906.2000.00143.xLupatsch, I., Kissil, G. W., & Sklan, D. (2001). Optimization of feeding regimes for European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax: a factorial approach. Aquaculture, 202(3-4), 289-302. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(01)00779-7Arshad Hossain, M., Almatar, S. M., & James, C. M. (2010). Optimum Dietary Protein Level for Juvenile Silver Pomfret, Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen). Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 41(5), 710-720. doi:10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00413.xSandberg, F. B., Emmans, G. C., & Kyriazakis, I. (2005). Partitioning of limiting protein and energy in the growing pig: testing quantitative rules against experimental data. British Journal of Nutrition, 93(2), 213-224. doi:10.1079/bjn20041322Sánchez-Lozano, N. B., Martínez-Llorens, S., Tomás-Vidal, A., & Cerdá, M. J. (2009). Effect of high-level fish meal replacement by pea and rice concentrate protein on growth, nutrient utilization and fillet quality in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L.). Aquaculture, 298(1-2), 83-89. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.09.028SÁNCHEZ-LOZANO, N. B., MARTÍNEZ-LLORENS, S., TOMÁS-VIDAL, A., & JOVER CERDÁ, M. (2010). Amino acid retention of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.) fed with pea protein concentrate. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(2), e604-e614. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00803.xHillestad, M., & Johnsen, F. (1994). High-energy/low-protein diets for Atlantic salmon: effects on growth, nutrient retention and slaughter quality. Aquaculture, 124(1-4), 109-116. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(94)90366-2Shearer, K. D. (1994). Factors affecting the proximate composition of cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids. Aquaculture, 119(1), 63-88. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(94)90444-